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NEW YORK — Former cyclist Lance Armstrong is facing formal charges of doping, brought against him by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, and the action could cost him some or all of his seven Tour de France titles.

According to the Wall Street Journal, the USADA, the agency that oversees antidoping efforts in Olympic sports in the U.S., said “numerous riders, team personnel and others will testify based on personal knowledge” of Mr. Armstrong’s alleged doping. The knowledge was “acquired either through observing Mr. Armstrong dope” or through “admissions of doping to them,” it added.

The WSJ reports that federal prosecutors closed a nearly two-year criminal probe into Armstrong’s use of performance-enhancing drugs, without charging him or other members of his former cycling team.

Armstrong’s former U.S. Postal Service teammate, Floyd Landis, had also accused him of doping.